miércoles, 12 de enero de 2005

Negligencia inexcusable

El artículo 70 de la ley 16.744, sobre accidentes del trabajo y enfermedades profesionales señala que “Si el accidente o enfermedad ocurre debido a negligencia inexcusable de un trabajador, se le deberá aplicar una multa...”

Bien ahora ¿Qué es negligencia inexcusable?

Se puede señalar como la acción temeraria, descuidada o negligente, de tal entidad que no admite excusa, pues, en los términos del actuar correctamente, ella implica en si misma una falta de cuidado gravísima.

Ahora bien esa negligencia inexcusable ¿produce o no la excusa del empleador?

Ciertamente esa situación no es tan clara, en atención a que si la negligencia inexcusable pudo ser evitada por el empleador con los medios a su alcance, ciertamente no lo excusaría, pero si materialmente no podía impedirla bien podría excusar su responsabilidad.

No nos olvidemos en esta parte que en la legislación chilena, el empleador se encuentra obligado a velar por la salud y la vida de sus trabajadores, entonces los empleadores deben tener cuidado al momento de pretender argüir en caso de accidente esta “negligencia inexcusable” de parte del trabajador accidentado.

Preguntémonos primero: El empleador a través de sus agentes (Jefes, supervisores) ¿ pudo evitar el siniestro?

En la respuesta a esta pregunta se encuentra la solución del problema.

Es necesario decir que en caso de juicio la carga de la prueba recae precisamente en quien invoca los hechos que lo excusan lo que puede convertirse realmente en un problema, pues, debe remontar el hecho concreto de una victima y de su obligación de guardar su seguridad. Demostrar que con toda la autoridad que tenia como empleador le fue imposible evitar el mal comportamiento del trabajador, asunto además difícil, porque entre otras medidas el empleador deberá demostrar sí se encontraba en situación de impedir que el trabajador negligente siguiera laborando, aplicando otras medidas para conseguir su objetivo, como por ejemplo suspenderlo de sus trabajo, u otras que fueran necesarias.

Entonces no es fácil señalar que un trabajador se accidentó producto de su “negligencia inexcusable”.

Finalmente termina el artículo 70 señalado, que “Corresponderá al Comité Paritario de Higiene y Seguridad decidir si medió negligencia inexcusable”.

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